Hi,
Regarding your page rule, it should not have any effect on this and you can disable it. Cloudflare by default will not cache non-static content, unless you specifically tell it to with a “cache everything” page rule.
As for the feed itself, Developer Tools point to two issues, not sure if related to your problem:
Mixed content, as the JPG image is being served by http, not https; and
A stylesheet (.xsl file) being sent with MIME type application/xml.
Since you took the feed off Cloudflare, I of course am seeing the new feed (13 episodes) as mentioned by your earlier replies.
I hope you find a solution soon.