This behaviour has changed in the last few days/weeks, because before that this setup worked correctly.
Please let me know if you need any further information, but it feels like a bug internally. I’m unable to generate any valid certificates at the moment.
I’m also unable to replicate. I use CNAMEs for DKIM at Fastmail, so I already had fm1._domainkey, fm2, fm3. So I added a *._domainkey that pointed to the same place as my fm1.
fm5 now returns the same result as fm1 with: dig +noall +answer fm5._domainkey.EXAMPLE.net txt
First the CNAME itself, then the TXT record at the target.
Thanks @sandro - this was a propagation issue on my end.
For additional info: Oracle Cloud is where the compute is running to generate/use the certificates, with the instance configured to use the 169.254.169.254 DNS upstream.
It seems the configured DNS server aggressively caches null domains (as does my home network which meant testing revealed a red herring), I have resolved it by explicitly telling my generation script to use Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 for it’s DNS.