Using a Page Rule and selecting Origin Control Cache: On option.
Remove the Browser Cache TTL in your Page Rule.
I’d suggest you to set it to “Respect Existing Headers” from the dropdown menu under Caching → Configuration.
Then make sure to send the needed ones from your origin host/server and Cloudflare will respect them “as-is” from your origin host/server.
Purge Everything upon changes just in case.
Hm, if that would be in some kind of a “conflict”, as for example different cache headers for “domain.com” vs “sub.domain.com” or “domain.com/some-page/” vs “domain.com/assets/filename.extension”, either using a Page Rule or Transform Rules I would set the needed HTTP headers for some specific paths, if so
→ Transform Rules “Header modification” execute the last so, you can even overwrite the ones you’ve set in a Page Rule