Not really. Cache Rules (beta) can also use regex match (but only for Business or Enterprise Plan).
URI Path matches regex "^/[0-9]{4}-"
If you are on a Pro or Free Plan, and assuming all URLs on your site that begin with a number are those with a 4-digit number, you can try using instead a long list of combinations:
URI Path starts with "/0"
OR
URI Path starts with "/1"
...
URI Path starts with "/9"