An MX record contains the hostname of a mail server, not an IP address, so the record you shared has nothing to do with not seeing a Cloudflare IP.
Cloudflare IPs are only returned for proxied records. Records set to DNS Only will return the value displayed in the dashboard.
It is important to note that Cloudflare Proxy will only pass HTTP and HTTPS traffic on specific ports. This means that if you proxy a hostname that needs other ports or protocols, such as SMTP, POP, IMAP, SSH, FTP, etc, those functions will not work. Any hostname that is the target of an MX record must be DNS Only.