This will never return a CNAME as the CNAME will be flattened and can only return A/AAAA records, either due to using the proxy or, if “DNS only”, because a CNAME at the apex is not permitted.
The issue is not related to mail configuration or missing MX records
The problem is that some DNS records (TXT and CNAME) are not visible in public DNS at all, even though they are present in my Cloudflare dashboard and set as DNS Only
This appears to be a Cloudflare DNS bug for my domain
For example, some CNAME and TXT records are present in the dashboard, but do not show up in public DNS lookups. Tried removing and re-adding, no effect. NS are set correctly