You cannot publish a CNAME at the apex. Cloudflare will let you create a CNAME at the apex, but uses CNAME Flattening to publish A and AAAA records. If the record is proxied like yours, you will see Cloudflare IPs in the results.
In order to publish a CNAME, you need to use a hostname below the apex, such as www and it needs to be set to DNS Only. When you check the CNAME, you will need to query the specific hostname you chose, such as www. It will not be found on a query of the apex name.