Most likely, the host is blocking the IP address of the Cloudflare edge node that’s trying to connect through Megafon’s route. From your 4G phone, can you connect to example.com/cdn-cgi/trace (but use your site’s hostname) and let us know which “colo” it says?
And do the same with your VPN and home PC as well.
Only I do not understand how this is possible.
Why, then, is the site available from other IP addresses?
cloudflare addresses the host at different ip addresses, depending on some client connection parameters?