That’s odd, seems to be as you say. The 404 page can only come from your origin so the request is going from Cloudflare to your server.
Pause Cloudflare, or set the DNS record to “DNS only”, so requests go direct to your origin to verify if it is any effect due to Cloudflare settings. If it still happens then check your server code.
If it only happens when the record is proxied, then check your Cloudflare rules for any that act on “8023”. In particular look at transform rules to see if the request to your origin is being modified.