Cloudflare does not proxy email traffic unless Cloudflare Spectrum is enabled and configured to proxy email traffic across Cloudflare.
If you do not have Spectrum enabled then no email traffic (SMTP) will actually pass through Cloudflare and we will simply resolve the DNS.
This also means that any DNS record used to send email traffic must be grey-clouded to bypass the Cloudflare network.
The correct values for your DNS mail records depend on your email provider.
If your email DNS records are resolving correctly but the issue persists, please review Email undeliverable when using Cloudflare then contact your email service provider to confirm your DNS records are correct.